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  • Charles XIV John (Karl XIV Johan; born Jean Bernadotte; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death. In modern Norwegian lists of kings he is called Charles III John. He was the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0879.jpg
  • “Plate XI: The Calorimeter of Lavoisier and La Place.” Hand-colored engraving by J. Pass after the drawing by Henry Lascelles for the section on "Chemistry." From Volume 4 of the Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, published by John Wilkes. London, England: Wilkes, John, of Milland House, Sussex, March 10, 1801.
    IR_Calorimeter-Lavoisier-La_Place.jpg
  • Portrait of Lord Chief Justice Holt Copperplate engraving By Chapman [Sir John Holt (23 December 1642 – 5 March 1710) was an English lawyer and served as Lord Chief Justice of England from 17 April 1689 to his death. He is frequently credited with playing a major role in ending the prosecution of witches in English law]. From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0305.jpg
  • Portrait of Hippocrates Copperplate engraving by John Chapman. [Hippocrates of Kos (c. 460 – c. 370 BC), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is often referred to as the "Father of Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine]. From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0230.jpg
  • An omrah of state; a dancing girl; and a lady of the harem; all belonging to the Palace of Delhi Copperplate engraving by Chapman, John, fl. 1792-1823 -- Engraver From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0209.jpg
  • Portrait of Homer Copperplate engraving by John Chapman [Homer is the presumed author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are the central works of ancient Greek literature]. From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0312.jpg
  • Ancient Map of Russia in Europe from 1827 Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0516.jpg
  • Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 – 9 June 68 AD) was the fifth Roman emperor, ruling from 54 to 68. His infamous reign is usually associated with tyranny, extravagance and debauchery. Nero, originally named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, belonged to the Julio-Claudian dynasty, and was adopted as heir by the emperor Claudius, his great-uncle and stepfather. Nero succeeded Claudius while not yet aged 17, and his mother, Agrippina, tried to dominate his early life and decisions, but Nero cast her off and had her killed five years into his reign. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0305-colourized.jpg
  • Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0277-colour.jpg
  • Leaning Bell-tower of Pisa, Italy Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0624.jpg
  • 19th Century illustration of the West Front of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, France Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0533.jpg
  • Survey plan of the city of London 1814 Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1815
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIII_0427.jpg
  • Horticulture - improved Greenhouses Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0508.jpg
  • 19th Century illustration of the Costume of the Modern Persians Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1823
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIX_0785.jpg
  • Cat-like viper (top) the Tyger-like [Tiger-like] viper Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_09...jpg
  • The Crotaline Viper (Left) and the Coronated Viper Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_09...jpg
  • Testudo [tortoise] various species of tortoises Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_1013.jpg
  • Gustav IV Adolf or Gustav IV Adolph (1 November 1778 – 7 February 1837) was King of Sweden from 1792 until he in 1809 was deposed in a coup. He was also the last Swedish monarch to be the ruler of Finland. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0876.jpg
  • Portrait of Anne, Queen of Great Britain. Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland between 8 March 1702 and 1 May 1707. On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1714. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0805-wb.jpg
  • Machine colourised Egyptian Goose [Alopochen aegyptiaca] (Left) and Eider Duck Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0588-wb.jpg
  • Barbados Aloe. Aloe (also written Aloë), is a genus containing over 550 species of flowering succulent plants. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0411.jpg
  • Portrait of Alexander III of Macedon or Alexander the Great Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0312.jpg
  • Sciaena Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0891.jpg
  • Safety Lamps A safety lamp is any of several types of lamp that provides illumination in coal mines and is designed to operate in air that may contain coal dust or gases, both of which are potentially flammable or explosive. Until the development of effective electric lamps in the early 1900s miners used flame lamps to provide illumination. Open flame lamps could ignite flammable gases which collected in mines, causing explosions and so safety lamps were developed to enclose the flame and prevent it from igniting the surrounding atmosphere. Flame safety lamps have been replaced in mining with sealed explosion-proof electric lights. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0613.jpg
  • Sir Peter Paul Rubens (28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium). He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque tradition. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0477.jpg
  • Table of square roots and cube roots Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0421-wb.jpg
  • Vespasian (Vespasianus 17 November AD 9 – 24 June 79)[2] was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The fourth and last in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for 27 years. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0317.jpg
  • Machine colorized Plumeria plant Plumeria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. The species variously are endemic to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and as far south as Brazil and north as Florida, but are grown as cosmopolitan ornamentals in warm regions Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0840-colour.jpg
  • Plumeria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. The species variously are endemic to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and as far south as Brazil and north as Florida, but are grown as cosmopolitan ornamentals in warm regions Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0840.jpg
  • The Dukes Theatre in Dorset gardens  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0788.jpg
  • Physeter is a genus of toothed whales. There is only one living species in this genus: the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). [here as Cachalot whales] Two fossil species are currently known that are placed in the same genus. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0388.jpg
  • The "typical" pheasant genus Phasianus in the family Phasianidae consists of at least one species. The common pheasant (P. colchicus) has about 30 recognised subspecies forming five or six distinct groups. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0092.jpg
  • Ostrea shells. Ostrea is a genus of edible oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Ostreidae, the oysters. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0050.jpg
  • Photometer and optometer Optics and Optical theory Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1820
    IR_f_Vol17_0717.jpg
  • Music Instruments Of the Greeks and Romans Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVI;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1819
    IR_f_Vol16_0441.jpg
  • Martial [Marcus Valerius Martialis] was a Roman poet from Hispania (modern Spain) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. In these short, witty poems he cheerfully satirises city life and the scandalous activities of his acquaintances, and romanticises his provincial upbringing. He wrote a total of 1,561 epigrams, of which 1,235 are in elegiac couplets. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1816
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIV_0495.jpg
  • Manis is a genus of South Asian and East Asian pangolins sometimes known as scaly anteaters. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1816
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIV_0330.jpg
  • Portrait of Martin Luther (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German professor of theology, priest, author, composer, Augustinian monk, and a seminal figure in the Reformation. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1815
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIII_0849.jpg
  • Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb (Top) Freemason's Charity for Female Children. Architecture in the City of London Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1815
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIII_0572.jpg
  • East India House (top) and Guy's Hospital, London  Architecture in the City of London Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1815
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIII_0496.jpg
  • Seven Headed Hydra by J. Chapman Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0748.jpg
  • Husbandry Mechanical Farming Tools Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0712.jpg
  • Portrait of Attila the Hun [Attila (c. 406–453), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453. He was also the leader of a tribal empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, and Alans among others, in Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires]. Copperplate engraving by J. Chapman From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0573.jpg
  • Horticulture - improved Greenhouses Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0511.jpg
  • Horticulture. A branch of a Prunus cultivar bearing both peaches and Nectarines Colored Copperplate engraving by J. Pass From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0482-colour.jpg
  • Hippopotamus Copperplate engraving by J. Chapman From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0238.jpg
  • 4 Penelope species of Turkey Pheasants [Penelope is a bird genus in the family Cracidae consisting of a number of large turkey-like arboreal species, the typical guans.] Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1823
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIX_0582.jpg
  • 19th century Copperplate engraving of a Chinese Peacock From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1823
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIX_0454.jpg
  • Western crowned pigeon (Goura cristata) [Great crowned Indian pigeon (Columba coronata)] AKA Common crowned pigeon or blue crowned pigeon, Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_09...jpg
  • Secret viper (left) and Cobra de Capello Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_09...jpg
  • Coluber the deadly viper Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_09...jpg
  • Modern chemical apparatus for the study of chemistry  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_04...jpg
  • Modern chemical apparatus for the study of chemistry  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_02...jpg
  • 19th century illustration of Centriscus and Cepola fish. Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_00...jpg
  • Title and credit page from the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_00...jpg
  • Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII (Karl XII or Carolus Rex 17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718), was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of the House of Wittelsbach. Charles was the only surviving son of Charles XI and Ulrika Eleonora the Elder. He assumed power, after a seven-month caretaker government, at the age of fifteen. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0872.jpg
  • Ancient map of Sussex Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0851_1.jpg
  • Sukotyro [Legendary creature (Top)] and Sus [the genus containing pigs] Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0759_1.jpg
  • Struthio [Type genus of the Struthionidae: African ostriches] Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0715_1.jpg
  • Ancient map of Suffolk Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0753_1.jpg
  • Various tools for silk manufacturing Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0251_1.jpg
  • Granville Sharp (10 November 1735 – 6 July 1813) was one of the first British campaigners for the abolition of the slave trade. He also involved himself in trying to correct other social injustices. Sharp formulated the plan to settle black people in Sierra Leone, and founded the St George's Bay Company, a forerunner of the Sierra Leone Company. His efforts led to both the founding of the Province of Freedom, and later on Freetown, Sierra Leone, and so he is considered to be one of the founding fathers of Sierra Leone. He was also a biblical scholar, a classicist, and a talented musician. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1828
    IR_f_Vol23_0119.jpg
  • Various bows and types of arrows Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume II;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol02_0073.jpg
  • Various bows and types of arrows Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume II;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol02_0070.jpg
  • Various spiders (Aranea) Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume II;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol02_0049.jpg
  • Portrait of the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius (Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius; 19 September 86 – 7 March 161) was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. He was one of the Five Good Emperors in the Nerva–Antonine dynasty.  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0861.jpg
  • Custard Apple Annona [Custard apple is a common name for a fruit, and the tree which bears it, Annona reticulata]. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0810-wb.jpg
  • Ampelis - The Crested Chatterer of America Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0539-wb.jpg
  • Improved air pumps Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0256.jpg
  • The Genius of Literature Presenting her Pupils to Minerva [Goddess of wisdom; counterpart of Greek Athena] Frontispiece From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0008.jpg
  • Scarabaeus [dung beetle] and Scolia [scoliid wasps] Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0843.jpg
  • Paul I (Pavel I Petrovich) (1 October [O.S. 20 September] 1754 – 23 March 1801) was Emperor of Russia from 1796 until his assassination. Officially, he was the only son of Peter III and Catherine the Great, although Catherine hinted that he was fathered by her lover Sergei Saltykov. Paul remained overshadowed by his mother for most of his life. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0544.jpg
  • Table of square roots and cube roots Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0421.jpg
  • Table of square roots and cube roots Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0414.jpg
  • The Pantheon and Temple of Concord Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0395.jpg
  • Titus (Titus Caesar Vespasianus; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death. Before becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father in Judea during the First Jewish–Roman War. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0319.jpg
  • Otho (Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus, born Marcus Salvius Otho; 28 April 32 – 16 April 69) was Roman emperor for three months, from 15 January to 16 April 69. He was the second emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0312.jpg
  • Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) was Roman emperor from AD 41 to 54. Born to Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor at Lugdunum in Roman Gaul, where his father was stationed as a military legate, he was the first Roman emperor to be born outside Italy. Nonetheless, Claudius was an Italic of Sabine origins[5] and a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0301-colour.jpg
  • Tiberius Caesar Augustus (16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor, reigning from AD 14 to 37. He succeeded his stepfather, Augustus. Tiberius was one of Rome's greatest generals: his conquests of Pannonia, Dalmatia, Raetia, and (temporarily) parts of Germania laid the foundations for the northern frontier. Even so, he came to be remembered as a dark, reclusive and somber ruler who never really desired to be emperor;  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
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  • Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0277.jpg
  • Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0277-wb.jpg
  • Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0008-crop.jpg
  • Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0008.jpg
  • Playhouse Theatre Dorset Gardens Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0781.jpg
  • William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, PC, FRS (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a British statesman of the Whig group who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain in the middle of the 18th century. Historians call him Pitt of Chatham, or William Pitt the Elder, to distinguish him from his son, William Pitt the Younger, who also was a prime minister. Pitt was also known as the Great Commoner, because of his long-standing refusal to accept a title until 1766. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0662.jpg
  • Machine for boring wooden pipes and casting and drawing iron pipes Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0595.jpg
  • Picus is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family. These are large woodpeckers, typically with green upperparts. They are found in forests or more open woodland, and lay their white eggs in a tree hole nest, typically on a bed of wood chips. Picus woodpeckers are primarily insect eaters, with several species specialising in taking ants or termites. Some species will also consume fruit or eggs. Insects are captured by a rapid outward flick of the long tongue and gummed to its tip by sticky saliva. This genus is less completely arboreal than some other woodpecker groups, and its members often feed on the ground, attacking anthills or termitaries. It has representatives in Europe, Asia and North Africa.Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0493.jpg
  • The "typical" pheasant genus Phasianus in the family Phasianidae consists of at least one species. The common pheasant (P. colchicus) has about 30 recognised subspecies forming five or six distinct groups. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0106.jpg
  • Frontispiece of Kant's Philosophy Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0008-crop.jpg
  • Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 18/19, 1374), commonly anglicized as Petrarch was an Italian scholar and poet during the early Italian Renaissance, and one of the earliest humanists. Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch would be later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
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  • Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest mathematical work was on the conics sections; he wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of 16. He later corresponded with Pierre de Fermat on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science. In 1642, while still a teenager, he started some pioneering work on calculating machines (called Pascal's calculators and later Pascalines), establishing him as one of the first two inventors of the mechanical calculator. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0810.jpg
  • 19th Century illustration of the Eastern front of the Louvre, Paris, France Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0514.jpg
  • The Grecian Maid (The Daughter Of Dibutades, An Eminent Artist In Pottery), At The Light Thrown Upon Her Lover By The Torch Of The God Of Love, Traces The Outlines Of his Shadow on the Wall. The Genius Of Painting, To Whom This Circumstance Has Given Birth, Soars Aloft, Bearing The Emblems Of The Art. The Corinthian Pillars Allude To The Country Where The Scene Took Place; And The Moon In Her Decline Shows That The Lover Was On The Point Of Undertaking A Journey. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0008-crop.jpg
  • The Grecian Maid (The Daughter Of Dibutades, An Eminent Artist In Pottery), At The Light Thrown Upon Her Lover By The Torch Of The God Of Love, Traces The Outlines Of his Shadow on the Wall. The Genius Of Painting, To Whom This Circumstance Has Given Birth, Soars Aloft, Bearing The Emblems Of The Art. The Corinthian Pillars Allude To The Country Where The Scene Took Place; And The Moon In Her Decline Shows That The Lover Was On The Point Of Undertaking A Journey. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0008.jpg
  • kaleidoscope. Principals and construction Optics and Optical theory Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1820
    IR_f_Vol17_0727.jpg
  • Compound Microscopes Optics and Optical theory Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1820
    IR_f_Vol17_0695.jpg
  • William Herschel's 40 foot reflecting telescope Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1820
    IR_f_Vol17_0683.jpg
  • Optics and Optical theory Reflection and Inflection of light Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1820
    IR_f_Vol17_0612.jpg
  • Frontispiece illustrating Optics THE PRISMATICAL COLOURS EMBODIED INTO SEVEN FEMALE FIGURES THREE OF WHICH ARE DISTINGUISHED AS GENERATIVE AND PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS BY A CROWN AND AN EMBROIDERED MANTLE INTIMATING THAT THE RAY OF LIGHT IS COMPOSED OF YELLOW RED AND BLUE ONLY AND THAT THE OTHER COLOURS ARE MERE COMPOSITIONS OR INTERMIXTURES OF THE PRINCIPAL ONES AT THEIR RESPECTIVE CONTIGUITIES EACH OF THESE FIGURES HOLDS A REPRESENTATIVE OF ONE OF THE SEVEN COLOURS IN THE RAINBOW AS FOUND IN THE IMMENSE STORE OF NEVERCHANGING NATURE AND IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER  The Hebrew Text of 'And God said Let there be light and there was light' Genesis Chapter 1 verse 3. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1820
    IR_f_Vol17_0008-crop.jpg
  • Indian Guitar [Sitar] and its scale Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVI;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1819
    IR_f_Vol16_0466.jpg
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